What Is Prostate Cancer?
General information on prostate cancer, its risk factors and symptoms, the PSA test and the shared screening decision.
Definition
The prostate is a small gland located just below the bladder in men, producing part of the seminal fluid. Prostate cancer arises from uncontrolled growth of its cells and is one of the most common cancers in men. A substantial proportion progresses slowly, and treatment success is high when it is detected early.
- Frequency
- Among the most common cancers in men
- Typical age
- Mostly over 50
- Screening tools
- PSA blood test and examination
- Course
- A large proportion progresses slowly
Who is at risk
The most decisive factor is age; the disease mostly appears after 50. Risk rises with a first-degree relative with prostate cancer, and some inherited changes can also increase it. Men with a family history of early prostate cancer are advised to discuss screening timing with their physician.
Symptoms
Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms, which is why the screening discussion matters. In later stages, difficulty urinating, frequent urination, a weak stream, blood in semen or urine and bone pain may occur. Since these symptoms also occur in benign prostate enlargement, the distinction can only be made by a physician.
The PSA test and the screening decision
PSA is a protein produced by the prostate and measurable in blood. Elevations can also be caused by benign enlargement and inflammation, so a PSA result alone does not establish a diagnosis. When to start screening and how often to repeat it is a shared decision with the physician, weighing age, family history and personal preferences.
Course and treatment approach
The approach depends on the stage of the disease, the grade of the cells, age and accompanying conditions. Close monitoring is preferred in some low-risk situations, while surgery, radiotherapy and medical treatments are considered in others. The appropriate path is decided together with urology and oncology specialists.
This page is intended as general health information; for diagnosis and treatment, please consult your physician.
Frequently asked questions
Does a high PSA mean cancer?
No. PSA can also rise with benign enlargement, inflammation and after certain procedures. Interpretation and any further work-up belong to the physician.
At what age does prostate screening start?
There is no single standard age; the decision is made together with the physician based on age, family history and personal preference. A family history of early prostate cancer favours an earlier discussion.
Does prostate cancer progress quickly?
A substantial proportion progresses slowly, while some types behave more aggressively. Stage and cell grade guide the assessment, which is made by specialist physicians.
How is prostate cancer treated?
Options range from monitoring to surgery, radiotherapy and medical treatments. The appropriate path is decided with the patient by specialist physicians according to stage, age and accompanying conditions.
Aymed İlaç Sanayi manufactures authorised medicinal products in urology and nephrology. This page does not contain diagnostic or treatment advice; it is intended as general health information.