What Is Polycystic Kidney Disease?
General information on polycystic kidney disease, the most common inherited kidney disease, its symptoms, course and the importance of follow-up.
Definition
Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited condition in which numerous fluid-filled sacs (cysts) form in the kidneys over time. The most common form is the adult type, usually passed from an affected parent to a child with a fifty percent probability. As cysts enlarge they press on kidney tissue, and kidney function may decline over the years.
- Type
- The most common inherited kidney disease
- Inheritance
- Usually from a parent, 50% probability
- Common findings
- High blood pressure, flank pain, blood in urine
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound and family history
Symptoms
The disease may remain silent for many years. The most common findings are high blood pressure, flank and back pain, blood in the urine, recurrent urinary tract infections and kidney stones. Some people also have cysts in the liver. Symptoms are usually noticed between the ages of 30 and 50.
Course of the disease
The course varies markedly between individuals: kidney function remains adequate for life in some, while kidney failure may develop at older ages in others. Early and good blood pressure control, generous fluid intake, salt restriction and regular follow-up are the core approaches that favour the course. The suitability of treatments aimed at modifying disease progression is assessed by the treating nephrologist.
Follow-up and family screening
Diagnosis usually rests on ultrasound and family history. People with a family history of polycystic kidney disease are advised to discuss the right time for screening with a physician without waiting for symptoms. Follow-up includes blood pressure checks, kidney function tests and periodic imaging.
This page is intended as general health information; for diagnosis and treatment, please consult your physician.
Frequently asked questions
Who inherits polycystic kidney disease?
In its most common form, the disease passes from an affected parent to a child with a fifty percent probability. Those with a family history are advised to discuss screening timing with their physician.
Is it the same as a simple kidney cyst?
No. Single or few simple cysts appearing with age are usually harmless. In polycystic kidney disease both kidneys contain numerous cysts and the condition is inherited; the distinction is made by a physician.
Does kidney failure always develop?
No; the course varies from person to person. With blood pressure control and regular follow-up, kidney function can be preserved for many years.
Can progression be slowed?
Good blood pressure control, generous fluid intake, salt restriction and regular follow-up are the core approaches. The nephrologist assesses the suitability of additional treatment options.
Aymed İlaç Sanayi manufactures authorised medicinal products in urology and nephrology. This page does not contain diagnostic or treatment advice; it is intended as general health information.